Scientifically Supported Health Benefits of Cranberries
Cranberry PACs block the adhesion of E. coli and other pathogens to uroepithelial cells, helping to prevent urinary tract infections (UTIs). Clinical trials confirm that regular cranberry juice or extract reduces the recurrence of UTIs, particularly in women [1,4].
Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity
Cranberries are rich in polyphenols that neutralize reactive oxygen species and downregulate pro-inflammatory mediators such as IL-6 and TNF-α. These effects contribute to chronic disease prevention [2,5].
Heart and vascular support
Cranberry juice can improve lipid profiles, reduce blood pressure, and enhance endothelial function. Meta-analyses show reductions in LDL cholesterol and improvements in total cholesterol/HDL ratios with regular intake [6].
Gut and microbiota balance
Cranberry polyphenols have prebiotic-like effects by inhibiting pathogenic bacteria while promoting the growth of beneficial species such as Bifidobacterium and Akkermansia [7].
Flavonoids and PACs modulate cytokine expression and boost innate immune responses. Some studies suggest cranberry juice may reduce the incidence of colds and other infections [5,8].
- Liver and metabolic health
Animal and human studies show cranberry alone or in mix with other functional juices and extracts help reduce insulin resistance, improve glucose metabolism, and lower liver fat accumulation [9].
PACs inhibit the adhesion of Helicobacter pylori, a major cause of ulcers, and help prevent plaque formation by reducing Streptococcus mutans growth in the oral cavity [10].
References
- Howell, A. B., et al. (2005). Cranberry proanthocyanidins and uropathogenic bacterial anti-adhesion activity. Phytochemistry, 66(18), 2281–2291.
- Blumberg, J. B., et al. (2013). Cranberries and their bioactive constituents in human health. Advances in Nutrition, 4(6), 618–632.
- Vattem, D. A., & Shetty, K. (2005). Biological functionality of ellagic acid: A review. Journal of Food Biochemistry, 29(3), 234–266.
- Jepson, R. G., Williams, G., & Craig, J. C. (2012). Cranberries for preventing urinary tract infections. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 10, CD001321.
- Duthie, S. J., et al. (2010). The effect of cranberry juice consumption on antioxidant status and biomarkers of oxidative stress. European Journal of Nutrition, 49(6), 301–308.
- Wang, Y., et al. (2018). Cranberry supplementation and lipid profiles: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical Nutrition ESPEN, 23, 69–75.
- Hidalgo, M., et al. (2012). Effect of cranberry extract on gut microbiota and intestinal health: In vitro and in vivo studies. Journal of Functional Foods, 4(4), 720–728.
- Di Pierro, F., et al. (2005). Efficacy of a cranberry-based dietary supplement in preventing colds: A randomized study. Minerva Medica, 96(4), 289–300.
- Neto, C. C. (2011). Cranberry and blueberry: Evidence for protective effects against cancer and vascular disease. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research, 55(6), 830–847.
- Burger, O., et al. (2000). Inhibition of Helicobacter pylori adhesion to human gastric mucus by cranberry juice components. New England Journal of Medicine, 343(15), 1101.